Aging in healthy individuals by increasing the diameter and wall thickness and vascular stiffness o

Demographic changes in the United States has a direct impact on the work of the anesthesia. It is estimated that 12% of the population of the United States (35 million) synechiae are 65 years and older the group is rapidly increasing. If the United States increases rapidly aging population is estimated that by 2030, 20% of America's population (over 70 million) are 65 years or older.
Use of health care services, including surgery synechiae in the elderly are disproportionately synechiae more than those who are younger. Many elderly patients who have surgery due to age were forbidden are now routinely undergo surgery as a result of improved care, anesthesia, surgery and medical Mybashd.tqryba 35% of all surgical procedures performed in the elderly.
Functional and structural changes occurring in most parts of the body with age. (Table 1-34). Reduce the performance of any system, regardless of yield loss Mybaashd other systems. The rate of change in each member differs with age and influenced by genetic factors, environment and diet.
Reduce the number of receptors for serotonin, acetylcholine and dopamine
Increase the size of the airway synechiae Central synechiae
- Closing volume increase and Closing Capacity
Aging in healthy individuals by increasing the diameter and wall thickness and vascular stiffness of the aorta artery and peripheral vascular Shryahay big effect on systolic and mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure Mygzard.fshar broad increases. Aortic impedance and systemic vascular resistance is increased and vasodilatation by ß (beta) decreases systemic vascular Drnrzhykhay. Increased left ventricular synechiae wall thickness increases with age, as well as through secondary synechiae to dilated heart Myvsythay, affects the heart. Reduced myocardial compliance, the reduction of early diastolic filling and strengthen always reduce the amount of compensation of atrial contraction to ventricular diastolic filling delay left ventricular dysfunction with prolonged resting synechiae phase Mybashdv in elderly patients with a history of decreased exercise tolerance Fashion to be considered. Despite the common belief that ventricular systolic function decreases with age, has found that in the absence of associated cardiovascular diseases, cardiac systolic function at rest even at very high ages well maintained. Other changes associated with aging, including cardiovascular sclerosis and calcification of the aortic valve leaflets thickening of the cardiac conduction system. Tvrbvlan blood flow through the thickness of the aortic valve leaflets because the systolic murmur output that are common in older people there. In addition Yvrtyk narrowing with increasing age, increasing leaflet calcification secondary synechiae to rupture and repair of mechanical valve leaflets is at the center of collagen.
With increasing age, the size of the central airways rise as a result of anatomical and physiological dead space is increased. synechiae Small airways synechiae secondary to the loss of support of communication with their decreasing diameter. But overall airway resistance remains unchanged, probably due to changes in the proximal and distal airways opposition. Progressive loss of elastic tissue in the lung parenchyma occurs with increasing collagen. Adtjay the elastic lungs and small airways synechiae supporting both decreases synechiae and the effect of respiratory tract dilation occurs Brvnshyvlhay. Decreased approximately 15% of the case of functional alveolar gas exchange, from the age of 70.
Chest compliance decreases with increasing age. Reducing the space between the seals and the resultant kyphoscoliosis associated with age, resulting in decreased height and increased anteroposterior diameter, which could alter the lung mechanics. Several factors, such as respiratory muscle strength with aging secondary denervation atrophy and degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers choice of motor nerves and muscle fibers, synechiae is reduced.
Static and dynamic pulmonary volumes are also affected by age-related changes. Loss of elastic elements increased pulmonary synechiae compliance and residual volume. As a result, functional residual capacity (FRC) increases, but lower levels of residual volume, as the reduction in lung compliance chest partly be compensated by cutting synechiae back. In contrast, total lung capacity TLC is minimized, the main Bt.r secondary to decreased inspiratory muscle strength and reduced height. VC vital capacity decreases progressively with age due to decreased compliance of the chest, loss of elastic resilience and reduce respiratory muscle strength.
Due to the loss of tensile support small airways, volume Closed (CV) and closing capacity (CC) increases. CC goes beyond the FRC close or reduce the ability of the elderly to Bazng hdashtn airway collapse during expiration and during inspiration increased mismatch Bazng hdashtn this alveolar air - to - the blood supply. synechiae
Although Closing Capacity and Closing volume during general anesthesia increases, deterioration of arterial oxygenation associated with the development of atelectasis during general anesthesia than in areas related to pulmonary shunt, the changes are not actually affected by aging. Reflexes are slower in elderly patients who are further to reduce response larynx and pharynx. Cough reflex is less effective and increases the risk of pulmonary aspiration.
Usually with age, and the swallowing function of the esophagus and gastric emptying unchanged